Pros And Cons Of Gambling - 1282 Words

Pros/Cons of Gambling Gambling definition- â€Å"The betting or staking of something of value, with consciousness of risk and hope of gain, on the outcome of a game, a contest, or an uncertain event whose result may be determined by chance or accident or have an unexpected result by reason of the bettor’s miscalculation.† Some gambling games are craps, roulette, baccarat, blackjack, and trente et quarante. Some of the things people bet on are horse racing, dog racing, and dog and rat fights. Casinos often have musical shows, lighted fountains, shopping centers, and lavish hotels. Games of chance include slot machines, blackjack, roulette, craps, keno, and baccarat. Casinos may also have restaurants and stage shows. Casinos consider â€Å"good†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Some gambling game’s rules can depend on skill and chance so that players can manipulate the game to win. With other games, like lottery tickets and slot machines, having knowledge of th e game has very little use. Casinos have existed since the 17th century. Congressmen would gamble in the 1800s. Lobbyist would pay off debts for congressmen to get their votes. Full-scale gambling became legal in 1931 in the US. Hawaii and Utah are the only states that don’t have legalized gambling. Early US presidents George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, and Andrew van Buren all enjoyed gambling. Washington bet on horse races and cards. Thomas Jefferson publicly opposed gambling and called it â€Å"the devil’s game†, but he did gamble. Andrew van Buren bet money and clothes that he would become president. American colonists employed lotteries to raise funds for military defense, as Congress did in 1776 when they organized a lottery of five million dollars in prizes to help fund the War for Independence. In 1748, Benjamin Franklin organized a Pennsylvania lottery to help buy military supplies. Studies show gambling as a source of jobs and tax rev enues, and the activity is seen as entertainment for the public. The spread of gambling across the United States has not taken business from Las Vegas; it has only stimulated a greater boom for our region’s economy. Three inventions allowed gambling in America to expand into a majorShow MoreRelatedPro and Con of Liberalized Gambling in Texas7402 Words   |  30 PagesEfforts are once again underway in the legislature to bring casino-style gambling to Texas. It’s an idea that has failed in recent legislative sessions, but backers are hoping they’ve found the right formula for success in 2009. There are many appealing arguments on the side of pro-gambling groups. Keeping gambling money that is now going to Louisiana and Oklahoma in Texas is one popular idea. Reviving the state’s horse-raising industry by allowing slot machines at racetracks is another. Some advocatesRead MoreBest Bitcoin Poker Sites For 20161570 Words   |  7 Pagesanonymity. That makes it an ideal choice for gambling sites, especially for players who live in places where gambling is illegal. While Bitcoin poker sites are relatively new to the industry, there are several good ones available to players worldwide right now. They are perfectly legal, and may be the best alternative for many players searching for a good poker experience. Here are five of our favorite Bitcoin poker sites for 2016 in order: TonyBet Pros: Open-face Chinese Poker Great software thatRead MoreThe Competition Of The Gaming Industry1600 Words   |  7 Pagesfor guests and being the only hotel to do so (Peng, M., pg 415). Wynn’s organizational benefit comes from the high barrier to entry that is caused by large capital investments and limited contracts. Also, the government policies have supported the gambling industry and the gaming industry in this area only have 5 other competitors. What Has Changed? In the last year, China’s president begun to crack down on high-rollers traveling to Macau and about $46 billion of the market value was wiped from casinoRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Marijuana Legalization1226 Words   |  5 Pagesprescription drugs currently available. The legalization of Marijuana would have an extremely advantageous effect on the economy, healthcare, and focus of police on more violent criminal activity of the United States. Though Marijuana’s pros outweigh the cons, there are major viable setbacks to the case for the legalization of Marijuana in the United States. Yvonne Bobela from Thornton, Colorado said this of Marijuana legalization: If we are going to conduct a large-scale experiment with publicRead MoreIs Playing Mahjong a Good Entertainment?1011 Words   |  5 Pagesdegree of luck in order to defeat your opponents. It is a good leisure for people relieving boredom and gathering with friends. However, Mahjong is also popularly played as gambling which may lead to plenty of issues. Therefore, playing mahjong has always been a debate among people. The aim of this paper is to discuss the pros cons of playing Mahjong in order to figure out whether playing mahjong is a good entertainment or not. About Mahjong Mahjong is a popular game for four players that originatedRead MoreEssay about Rise of Professionalism in Sports985 Words   |  4 Pagesthere. However, the government still did not neglect the academic side of the school as it only admits students from the Express stream. The rise of professionalism in sports has its pros and cons as money is involved, but I personally feel that the cons weigh heavier than the pros. Firstly, in every sport, gambling is seldom absent. People gamble on sportsmen and even the sportsmen gamble among themselves. For the sportsmen, they feel that without money involved, there is no challenge to the gameRead MoreYakuza and the Japanese Society1123 Words   |  5 Pagesthe law? 2. Pros of having Yakuza What have they done in the past for society? What do they do for society today? How does the Japanese society see the Yakuza? The Yakuza code of honor. 3. Cons of having Yakuza * Why are the Yakuza a problem? Who are troubled with the yakuza in Japanese society What is the political motivation against the Yakuza? (political goals behind the law) * How much problems / violence do Yakuza create? Do the problems outweight the pros? (http://wwwRead MoreYakuza and the Japanese Society1111 Words   |  5 Pagesimplementation of the law? 2. Pros of having Yakuza What have they done in the past for society? What do they do for society today? How does the Japanese society see the Yakuza? The Yakuza code of honor. 3. Cons of having Yakuza * Why are the Yakuza a problem? Who are troubled with the yakuza in Japanese society What is the political motivation against the Yakuza? (political goals behind the law) * How much problems / violence do Yakuza create? Do the problems outweight the pros? (http://www.thedailyshowRead MoreShould Gambling Be Legalized?971 Words   |  4 PagesToday, gambling is not allowed in some countries, but it is legal only in some areas in the United States. Some people are in favor of gambling because they find their entertainment in playing in casinos. Gambling is to take risks and play the games for money. Most people believe that gambling should not be legal because gambling activities do not benefit our communities and eventually causes: increased taxes, a loss of jobs and money. However, my opponents believe that gambling and casinos areRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Gambling730 Words   |  3 Pages Gambling has been a major entertainment for people in Las Vegas since many years ago. Gambling is a form of excitement that by definition is putting a value at risk. Gambling usually takes place in casinos’ in Las Vegas, in different forms, for instance, poker, slot machines, blackjack and etc. Some of these games require skills and some is pure chance. However, the profit that customers make by participating in gambling significantly lower than the profit that casinos’ make. Due to the fact that

Non-Voluntary Euthanasia The Future of Euthanasia Essay

Non-Voluntary Euthanasia: The Future of Euthanasia Non-voluntary euthanasia seems to be the natural direction in which euthanasia practice evolves. In the Netherlands at the present time, there is a fear on the part of the aged, about being taken to the hospital - where the doctor may have the last word about life and death. This essay digs into this evolutionary process of voluntary euthanasia evolving into the non-voluntary type. Advocates of legalised euthanasia almost always insist that they only want voluntary euthanasia (VE) - a they say they are as opposed to the taking of life without the subjects knowledge or consent, that is, non-voluntary euthanasia (NVE), as anyone else. Some do extend their advocacy to†¦show more content†¦By contrast, overwhelming evidence is now available in the published reports of a number of independent committees of inquiry into the consequences of legalising VE, which all concluded that NO such law could be guaranteed to be safe against the likelihood of abuse. In fact, no committee set up for this purpose has ever reached any conclusion other than prohibition of legalisation. Though the first of these reports appeared in 1994 and the last in 1998, their arguments are so compelling that no criticism of them has ever been published. Until and unless it can be shown that their common conclusion is unwarranted, they must be regarded as having established the truth. This seems to some to be such an unexpected development, and so contrary to what is confidently often asserted, that it barely seems credible. The commonest and most serious form of abuse of any euthanasia law would be the endangering or the actual taking of the lives of some of the other terminally ill or disadvantaged groups of the sick or disabled who did not want their lives taken. That is, the apparently strict control over the practice of VE would be illusory, and in the worst case, acceptance of VE would lead to the practise of NVE. Additionally, since concealment would be easy to carry out, and hence correspondingly difficult to discover, a truly compassionate society must rate the risk as too high to beShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Euthanasia1498 Words   |  6 PagesEuthanasia is a dilemma which many people have the misfortune of addresing. Whether it be putting down a beloved family pet many years of friendship or administering a lethal dose of morphine to an elderl y patient, euthanasia is no easy topic to discuss or decide upon. Euthanasia is the act of intentionally ending someones life to relieve their pain and suffering. Though euthanasia holds the purpose of killing to relieve pain, any people are uncomfortable with killing of any sorts, and hold theRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?1210 Words   |  5 Pagesdiagnosis, one of their main concerns is dying with dignity and not left to suffer a long and drawn out death. Euthanasia, also known as mercy killing, is a sensitive and very controversial subject. Several people believe, doctors should not participate in any action that ends a person’s life due to the Hippocratic Oath stating that doctors are obligated to save lives. Although, euthanasia is considered to be immoral and even murder, it should be legalized when a person’s quality of life, due to anRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1635 Words   |  7 Pageswith dignity. Physician-assisted suicide or active, vol untary euthanasia for an adult who is in a rational state of mind and whose suffering happens to be unbearable despite the strongest medical efforts, is an idea that should to be put into action. Euthanasia ought to be put into action to save a patient from experiencing needless pain and suffering; patients should be provided with the alternative of a peaceful and painless way out. Euthanasia is  the intentional killing of a dependent human beingRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide And Euthanasia Essay1039 Words   |  5 Pagesthat if society accepts euthanasia as a rightful death for the terminally ill, they will potentially accept it for other ailments as well. There are multiple types of physician assisted suicide. Collectively, they fall under the categories: active or passive euthanasia. Active euthanasia is when someone steps in and deliberately ends a life. An example of this would be a physician administering a lethal dose of muscle relaxants to end the life of a patient. Passive euthanasia is best described as whenRead MoreEuthanasia As A Deliberate Act1728 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Euthanasia is defined as a deliberate act undertaken by one person with the intention of ending life of another person to relieve that person s suffering and where the act is the cause of death.†(Gupta, Bhatnagar and Mishra) Many people believe this as a mercy killing. Euthanasia may be voluntary, non voluntary and involuntary. When a terminally ill patient wants to end his or her life, it is called voluntary euthanasia. Non voluntary euthanasia occurs when the suffering person never wanted norRead MoreEuthanasia, An Eloquent Word1217 Words   |   5 PagesEuthanasia, an eloquent word with such a dark meaning. Some may have heard it, some may not. Euthanasia is defined as the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain and suffering. Like other terms borrowed from history, euthanasia has had different meanings depending on usage. The first apparent usage of the term euthanasia belongs to the historian Suetonius, who described how the Emperor Augustus, dying quickly and without suffering in the arms of his wife, Livia, experiencedRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide1236 Words   |  5 PagesOxford English Dictionary, â€Å"euthanasia† is defined as â€Å"the means of bringing a gentle and easy death† (â€Å"euthanasia† def. 2). Today, euthanasia is a method used in the medical field to put an end to a patient’s agony by taking their life for them, making it a very controversial topic. Many people argue that it is morally wrong to take a human life, and others may argue that it is even more wrong to make someone suffer more than they need to. I will argue that euthanasia and physician-assisted suicideRead MoreLife is a blessing; therefore, people should cherish and preserve it as much as possible. Patients1100 Words   |  5 Pagesarguable debate is whether euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide should be legal in many parts of the world. The question has grown and raised concerns: should physician and medical experts end the life of a patient who wills it? Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide should become legal in the United States and other areas of the world because patients should not have to live life with an unbearable pain and suffer the whole time through it. Although the terms euthanasia and physician-assistedRead MoreEuthanasia Essay : Euthanasia The Right1403 Words   |  6 PagesEuthanasia the right to die whit dignity Euthanasia is one of the most historically debated, discussed topics in medicine, law and ethics. Doctors, religious, lawyers and relatives of terminally ill patients, leave testimonials that make us reflect on the topic. Right to die with dignity or live with pain and suffering? A question that we do ask when we live experiences of loved ones who suffer daily pain, having an undeserving life. Euthanasia is currently referring to the act of ending the lifeRead MoreEuthanasia And The Death Of Euthanasia1351 Words   |  6 Pagesfor the dying who request euthanasia to be able to end their suffering. Euthanasia is considered a â€Å"gentle and easy death† because it comes from the Greek words, Eu meaning good and Thanatosis meaning death. Euthanasia is illegal in most of the United States. However, assisted suicide, is legal in six different states. The states that assisted suicide is legal in are California, Oregon, Colorado, Washington DC, Vermont and Washington. The key difference between euthanasia and assisted suicide is who

Critical Reasoning Cycle Appertains Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Critical Reasoning Cycle Appertains. Answer: Introduction Critical reasoning cycle appertains to the stages that registered nurses are supposed to follow when rendering their services. Critical reasoning can be termed as a process which is utilized by nurses to collect information, process it, apprehend it, implement the substantial interventions, carry out an evaluation of the results and then gain experience from the par said process. The clinical reason is subject to the nurse's attitude and believed philosophies. Critical reasoning cycle is important due to the fact that it translates to a positive outcome for the patients. Good clinical reasoning skills aid in appropriate diagnosis, proper treatment and effective management of any complications that may arise. The essay will fully utilize the clinical reasoning cycle in looking at the clinical decisions that are made by Registered nurses. The clinical thinking cycle will involve an eight stage process used by a student in his third year during a clinical placement session. In addition, the essay will reflect on the decision that was arrived at, the experiences of the student nurses and the relevant recommendations that are imperative to Registered Nurses in their future practices. Consider the Situation of the Patient. The patient who has been taken in the medical surgery ward is by the name of Mrs. Sunning Hill who is 90 years old. Her weight is at 76kgs. She has an abdominal wound that is oozing and with an underneath odor for a period of 8days. The patient has been in the hospital for a period of 4days. She also has a hearing impairment. Collect Information At this stage, the Registered Nurse needs to gather sufficient information that is significant in the situation at hand. The information is pertinent in the providence of high standards and safe nursing care services. The information will entail the medical history of the patient, medications that were administered, the hospital journey of the patient, care plans and the situation of the patient today. The information should also not be limited to the assessments done by nurses when they come onto a shift. A bowel tumor has been discovered after a post surgery diagnosis. The tumor has been linked to the fistula. Faecal draining has been carried out through an ostomy appliance. The use of the appliance has the side effects of irritating the skin surrounding the area (Daily, 2011). The care plan is that surgical inputs will not be utilized, palliative care, Physio and SW will be administered through referrals. The observations that are carried out on the patients indicate that the conditions that are prevailing for the patient are normal in reference to the ADS chart. As per the previous knowledge appertaining to nutrition and dietetics, the patient must be encouraged to ensure a full diet and ensure that he sips plenty of liquids frequently (Bruhin et al. 2014). The fistula device being used needs to be monitored to ensure that no leakages are reported. The student nurse empties the fistula appliance and to document it accurately on the fluid balance chart. The urine and the bowel discharges should also be assessed(Fink et al.2012).The student nurse has knowledge on the apt urine output which can be attained by multiplying the standard output of 0.5m/s by the weight registered by the patient. The identification of this concept will make the student nurse conversant with the amount of urine output for each given hour (Foxley, 2011). 38m/s per given hour is the appropriate urine output for the patient. The student nurse used the fluid balance chart to review the calculated urine output. It was identified that in a period of 12 hours, the fluid balance chart was completed. The student nurse noticed that the patient had only retained a small amount of urine most. This was confirmed after a scan was carried out and it identified that 750mls of urine was still retained. It was certain to the student nurse that this was uncommon given that in her course, she had learnt that the bladder can only hold up to 600mls (Casey, 2011). The bladder was holding a larger amount than normal. It was thus significant for the student nurse to call upon the Registered nurse to help her in carrying out critical baseline observations on the patient. It was registered that the patient has a pulse rate of 115 beats in every minute. The body temperature was reported at 39 degrees. With the results, the student nurse estimated the deterioration of the patient at a score of four with the aid of the adult deterioration detection system chart(Preece, Horswill, Hill,Watson,2011). It was also observed that the patient had a score of zero on phlebitis. It has been arrived at that the abdominal fistula is responsible for the excoriation of the skin when it leaks. The patient is also approved for a residential care and so that also should be looked at. There is also the need to monitor the fluid intake and the amount and nature of the output. All the information that was collected was properly documented and handed over to the doctor in charge for a more detailed investigation and for an informed treatment. Process Information At this stage, analyzing the data is considered. A urinalysis test was carried out and the dipstick indicated a PH of 4.0- 7.9 only and not identifying any other results. The results were not sufficient, but the high body temperatures and the high pulse rate was an indication that the patient may have urinary infections. The surgical site had irritated skin due to the frequent leakages. The high body temperatures may have resulted from the administration of paracetamol that may hinder the verification of the extent of the infection ( Nazarko, 2014). The information that relates to the documentation of the urine output indicates that the information was sufficient and this shows that the patients condition may not have been managed sufficiently. In addition, the fact that the patient has a hearing impairment is an indication that proper communication strategies and support gadgets need to be utilized throughout the process. The other fact is that there is need to administer residentia l care for the patient appertaining to the prolonged medical care that she is supposed to be exposed to. The abdominal fistula may be due to dehydration, weight loss or sepsis. The urinary infections may have resulted from nosocomial infection (Gesmundo, 2016). It is absolute that the urinary infection will lead to an infection of the kidney (OShea, 2011). At the end, a kidney failure may be experienced. Identify the problem At this stage, the clinical reasoning cycle has the role of helping the nurse identify the facts that appertain to the situation that the patient is in (Levitt-Jones, 2012).The patient has had a urinary tract infection due to the existence of the abdominal fistula. And also she has a wound on the leg due to the irritation that the leakages from the urinary tract cause (Steggall, 2011). The situation of the patient is due to the delayed treatment of the abdominal fistula. Establish Goals At this point, the nurse is supposed to pose the goals that need to be achieved at the end of the diagnosis and the treatment of the patient. The primary goal is to treat the primary infection that is the abdominal fistula and also to properly document the urinary output (Slater, 2015). In addition, the student nurse should ensure that the patient is able to be cleared and allowed to receive residential care and also the communication of the patient looked at. Lastly, the bladder should be properly drained of the urine that it is holding. Take Action This stage involves the nurses taking informed actions and coming up with care plans for the patient. After establishing the goals to be achieved, it was the responsibility of the Registered Nurse and the Student nurse to converse with the nurse who is in charge of the department and to place the next course of action to him or her. After talking to the nurse in charge about the patient, the student nurse had to inform the doctor of the current situation of the patient and also to review the most likely antibiotics that should be administered to the patient. The appliance that was causing a leakage was to be removed and replaced by another ostomy appliance that could reduce the infection of the wound on the leg (Wilde et al.2017). Another bladder scan was to be undertaken to determine if the patient was having the appropriate urine discharge. In addition, the wound on the leg needed to be checked so as to verify if the further infection was taking place (Bradley et al.2013). Evaluation At this point, it will be essential for the student nurse to look into the actions that were passed. The process that is to be involved should be evaluated to look at its efficiency to be able to provide quality services to the patient. The doctors review called for the administration of the intravenous antibiotics and the insertion of the cannula. It was then seen that the patient retained no urine and the wound was well dressed and less infected. In addition, the residential care was significant in that it could aid in the monitoring of the situation of the patient and deal with any further complications that may arise (Choi et al.2014).The patient was later on to be subjected to Physio and SW to look into the tumor in the abdomen. Reflect on the Process/ Recommendations At this stage, which is the last step of the clinical reasoning cycle, it is imperative to reflect on the decisions that the nurses and the doctor arrived at regarding the patient. It is also important for recommendations to be made. That is recommendations that are vital for the future in the case that such a scenario evolves. The student was conversant with the Gibbs reflective cycle (Gibbs, 1988) to review the situation that the patient has. The student nurse was able to identify concerns that should be worked on in future. For instance, why should be a patient be infected continuously for 4 days with an ostomy appliance that was causing leakages that were irritating the skin and as result causing to a wound on the leg. The recommendation was that proper documentation should be carried out especially on the urine output and it should be indicated on the chart for a more informed decision. In addition, the care givers should make sure that such patients are able to access palliative care for quick recoveries. The information given should be critically being thought out so that proper treatment is given to the patient. In conclusion, the clinical reasoning cycle should always be involved in the whole process of diagnosis and treatment (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2016). All the stages are imperative in the process and should be followed strategically per a patients situation. References Bradley, M. J., DuBose, J. J., Scalea, T. M., Holcomb, J. B., Shrestha, B., Okoye, O., ... Ivatury, R. R. (2013). Independent predictors of enteric fistula and abdominal sepsis after damage control laparotomy: results from the prospective AAST Open Abdomen registry.JAMA surgery,148(10), 947-955. Bruhin, A., Ferreira, F., Chariker, M., Smith, J., Runkel, N. (2014). Systematic review and evidence based recommendations for the use of negative pressure wound therapy in the open abdomen.International Journal of Surgery,12(10), 1105-1114. Casey,G.(2011). Incontinence and retentioan. How the bladder misfunction. Nursing New Zealand(wellington,NZ),17(7),26-31. Choi, J. H., Jeon, B. G., Choi, S. G., Han, E. C., Ha, H. K., Oh, H. K., ... Park, K. J. (2014). Rectourethral fistula: a systemic review of and experiences with various surgical treatment methods.Annals of Coloproctology,30(1), 35-41. Dailly, S.(2011). Prevention of the indwelling catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Nursing Older People,23(2), pp.14. Fink, R., Gilmartin, H., Richard, A., Capezio, E., Boltz, M., Wald, H.(2012). Indwelling urinary catheter management and catheter associated urinary t6ract infection prevention practices in nurses improving care for health system elders hospitals. American Journal of Infection Control,40(8), pp.715-720. Foxley, S.(2011). Indwelling urinary catheters. Accurate monitoring of urine output. British Journal of Nursing,20(9),pp.564-569. Gesmundo, M.(2016). Managing indwelling urinary catheters.Kai Tiaki; Nursing New Zealand,22(6),pp.14. Gibbs, G.(1988). Learning by doing: A guide to teaching and learning methods. Oxford Polytechnic Further education Unit: Oxford, England. Levett-Jones, T.(2012). Clinical Reasoning: Learning to think like a nurse. Sydney, Australia. Nazarko, L.(2014). Does paracetamol help or hinder healing in bacterial infections? British Journal of Community Nursing,19(7). Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia .(2016). National Competency Standards for the Registered Nurse. O'Shea, L.(2011). Diagnosing urinary tract infections. Practice Nurse,40(9).pp.20. Slater, N. J., Bokkerink, W. J., Konijn, V., Bleichrodt, R. P., van Goor, H. (2015). Safety anddurability of one-stage repair of abdominal wall defects with enteric fistulas.Annals of surgery,261(3), 553-557. Steggall, M.J.(2011). Urine samples and urinalysis. Nursing Standard ( Royal College of Nursing) Great Britain),22(14-16),pp.22. Wilde,M.H.,Dougherty,M.c., Rose,B.(2017). Awareness of urine flow in people with long-term urinary catheters. Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing, 22(2),pp.164-174.

An Analysis Of Criminal Justice And Policing Policy †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Analysis Of Criminal Justice And Policing Policy. Answer: Introduction The world has been witnessing rising calls for criminal justice reforms in the recent days owing to the extraordinarily huge levels of incarceration witnessed across the world. While the policy (criminal justice and policing policy) has been applied in addressing different types of criminal justice issues, this paper intends to focus on the application of criminal justice and policing policy in the control of drugs and gambling. The two vices have had negative consequences to the society and up today it seems there are not established policies to deal with them effectively. In the discussion, the paper will explore the right criminal justices approaches as well the policing policies that can be adopted to the end the menace contributed by the two anti-social aspects. Wayne (2013, p. 203) wonders why policymakers and regulatory authorities define some activities and human behaviors as being criminal, thus subjecting them to legal sanctions while exempting other similar forms of activities and human behaviors from the definition of a crime. In a seemingly quick response, Baradar and Frank (2012, p. 539) offer an answer by stating that what makes an activity or human behavior constitute a criminal activity is the nature of harm that such an activity or human behavior causes. At this point, the reason for a pause is, is gambling a criminal activity? What harm does it cause? Obviously, there are quite a number of harms in the public domain that can be either directly or indirectly associated with the gambling activity. While gambling is an addiction and not necessarily a crime, it is its association with the elevated rates of the crime of illicit drugs that makes it hard to separate the two. In fact, it is gambling that supersedes illicit drug dealing in most of the cases (Reiner, 2012, p. 117). Most gamblers start as law-abiding citizens for the first few years (or months), but upon the exhaustion of their resources, at a time in which they have generated into problem gamblers, they turn to the crime of drugs. A study conducted by Naughton (2011, p. 43) concluded that income-generating criminal activities were statistically related to the pathological gambling witnessed in the world, with drug ranking the highest. In this study, the researchers compared the different convictions of crimes in the United Kingdom with a relatively corresponding pattern of a random sample drawn from gamblers across the United Kingdom. Besides, another study conducted in Vietnam prisons among 35 women also proved a strong relation between gambling as a social problem in the casinos in Melbourne and the illicit drugs in the area. However, Beck (2015, p. 196) argues that a clear role that gambling plays in contributing to the sale and use of drugs may only be brought out in the light of the knowledge of the other kinds of addictions (noting that gambling is an addiction) and their associated patterns of crimes. Based, on the two researches, this paper attests that gambling causes harm to the society. The author, Carol (2012, p. 124), notes that drug and gambling have been described to constitute the problem of law and order.' But one wonders what the description of the problem of law and order' really means. Different authorities, scholars, and analysts offer differing explanations on the roots of drugs and gambling as a social problem and Bushway, and Emily (2013, p. 318) attributes the difference in the explanations to the fact that all problems rest on theories. As such, it depends on the approach that one uses to describe or analyze the social problem. For instance, economists base their argument on the rationality and self-interest of the crime where they argue that such an individual will cease pursuing crime should the cost of the crime surpass the benefit. On the other hand, sociologists argue that the social environment in which the individuals who turn out to be the victims operates places them in an arguably structurally strained and disorganized setting; which pressur es them to pursue the criminal activity. Policy analysts, in high contrast to the two explanations above, advocate that the inequity in the construction and application of laws brew the criminals. Despite all these explanations, there arise situations in which no specific explanation fits in describing the situation. For instance, a closer analysis of gambling shows that individuals who generate clean wealth through legally recognized methods serve as gambling greatest victims. Do they turn to the drug after exhausting their resources? Some dont (Beckett and Alexes, 2011, p. 512). A more challenging situation arises due to the fact that, owing to the difference in the theoretical approaches to drug and crime as a social problem, there exist key areas of departure in the policy recommendations that each approach generates. Going by the description above; economists advocate for a punitive and a deterring remedy while sociologists favor the expansion of the legitimate opportunities in the economy and equity to solve the problem. In contrast, political analysts encourage a societal reorganization such that wealth is equitably distributed and justice system moves from responding to class power to limiting harm (Braga et al., 2014, p. 650). All the policy recommendations are not, however, with key limitations due to the assumptions that each approach considers. The drug crime and gambling as a social problem being as a result of the inequity in the society is mistaken when considering the fact that wealthy individuals do gamble. The key question at this point would be what the best policy approach to drug and gambling is a social problem? Dansky (2016, p. 64) argues that a suitable approach should act as a double-edged sword; one side aimed at punishment and deterrence and the other aimed at rehabilitation and reintegration. No single side of the sword' would prove effective as it has been witnessed by the two different media publication with one advocating for the use of prisons to deter/stop crime and the other arguing that tough crime laws and punishment serve to fail (Boylan and Naci, 2013, p. 579). With each article basing their argument on well-reasoned arguments, it becomes hard to choose the suitable approach hence the need to blend the two given the fact that a punitive approach through prisons brews more crime' and a rehabilitative approach reduces deterrence. Conclusion Although gambling has been associated with several social-related problems, the crime of illicit drugs serves as the most prominent. Besides, while no policy approach to a social problem serves as a ready-to-drink solution its inarguably true that the policy intervention that would go the greatest deal to solving the dilemma would be the most suitable. This calls for the intervention of the criminal justice system and society at large to establish policies that are capable controlling and precenting the gambling activities. References Bacchi, Carol. 2014. Analysing Policy. Whats the problem represented to be? Pearson Australia Baradaran, Shima and Frank, McIntyre. 2012. Predicting Violence. Texas Law Review 90 (1): 497-570. Beck, Allen. 2015. Use of Restrictive Housing in U.S. Prisons and Jails, 2011-12. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Beckett, Katherine and Alexes, Harris. 2011. On cash and conviction: Monetary sanctions as misguided policy. Criminology Public Policy 10(3): 509-537. Boylan, Richard T., and Naci Mocan. 2013. "Intended and Unintended Consequences of Prison Reform." The Journal of Law and Economics 30(3): 558-586. Braga, Anthony, Andrew Papachristos and David Hureau. 2014. The Effects of Hot Spots Policing on Crime: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Justice Quarterly 31(4): 633-663. Bushway, Shawn D., and Emily G. Owens. 2013. "Framing Punishment: Incarceration, Recommended Sentences, and Recidivism." Journal of Law Economics 56(2): 301-331. Dansky, Kara. 2016. Local Democratic Oversight of Police Militarization. Harvard Law Review 10: 59-75. Naughton, M., 2011. How the Presumption of Innocence Renders the Innocent Vulnerable to Wrongful ConvictionsIrish Journal of Legal Studies, 2(1): 40-54. Reiner, Morgan. (eds), 2012. The Oxford Handbook of Criminology (5th Edition) Oxford: Clarendon Press. Wayne Morrison, in Hale, C., et al., (eds), 2013. What is Crime? Contrasting definitions and Perspectives, Criminology, Oxford: OUP.

Vegetarian VS Meat

Introduction Food is the most basic need of man and all people have to eat in order to live. Obtaining something to eat is therefore an integral activity of the human experience. Naturally, human beings can live on meat and vegetables since they are omnivores. Eating meat and vegetables provides the required nutrition for a healthy body.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Vegetarian VS Meat-Eating specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it is possible to obtain all the required nutrition from a diet that does not consist of animal or fish flesh. People who abstain from eating animal or fish flesh are known as vegetarians and they practice vegetarianism. On the other hand, people who supplement their vegetable diet with meat products are called meat-eaters.  Majority of the human beings on earth are meat-eaters. In the past few decades, there has been a move towards the promotion of vegetarianism. This m ove has been prompted by the alleged benefits of a vegetarian diet. This paper will set out to argue that being a vegetarian is more beneficial for the individual and the environment and as such, more people should adopt this practice. To reinforce this claim, the paper will highlight the many advantages attributed to vegetarianism and contrast them with the negative effects of meat eating. A Case for Vegetarianism Adopting a vegetarian diet will help a person avoid some diseases caused or promoted by meat consumption. Diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and heart disease can be caused or exacerbated by meat consumption. Researchers reveal that while genetic factors contribute to the contraction of these diseases, the dietary habits of a person increase or decrease an individual’s risk of developing the diseases (Hart 64). People who eat mean are more likely to develop obesity and heart disease than those who practice vegetarianism. In addition to this, a diet rich in fruits and vegetables improves the body’s blood circulation and actively prevents cardiac diseases. Vegetarians are therefore less likely to suffer from heart diseases compared to meat eaters. Practicing a meat-free diet will therefore improve the health outcomes of the individual. A vegetarian diet offers protection from the numerous public health risks associated with meat eating. Meat consumption exposes a person to many risks due to the diseases and medication offered to animals. Modern food manufacturing undermines the healthiness of meat. Unlike in the past where livestock was reared in a natural manner, farmers today engage in the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and food supplements to their farm animals. Henning explains that farmers engage in this practice in x order to reduce the susceptibility of their animals to diseases and promote growth (1086). While these practices achieve these desirable results, they do so at a major cost to meat eaters. Consuming the meat of ani mals that have been pumped full of antibiotics increases antibiotic-resistant human bacterial illnesses therefore creating a significant public health threat.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A person can avoid these risks associated with meat consumption by becoming a vegetarian.  A vegetarian diet is associated with greater longevity. Studies indicate that a meat-free diet significantly decreases the risk of death leading to longer life for the individual who practices vegetarianism. This relationship between vegetarianism and long life is due to a number of reasons. Singh and Sabate highlight that a vegetarian diet assists in the maintenance of a healthy weight and this contributes to long life by preventing the person from developing lifestyle diseases that lead to early deaths (265). A vegetarian diet also keeps a person safe from the many toxic components presen t in meat products. Singh and Sabate warn that animals reared for meat ingest large quantities of commercial feedlot additives (266). In addition to this, the meat contains saturated fat and consuming this is a risk factor for fatal diseases. Meat eaters are therefore likely to die earlier due to complications caused by their dietary practices.  A vegetarian diet can help mitigate the adverse environmental impacts caused by meat eating. Meat consumption in the world has increased exponentially in the last 6 decades. Due to the improved economic wellbeing of most people, the demand for meat has grown in countries all over the world. Animal product producers have therefore increased their scale of production in order to satisfy this demand. The environment has been significantly affected as cattle ranches have expanded. Henning illustrates that cattle ranching has led to widespread deforestation and it has contributed to â€Å"soil erosion, degradation of stream habitat, and desert ification† (1087). Animal production has also contributed to the unsustainable use of water resources. Huge water reserves have to be dedicated to animal production leading to the depletion of water resources. In addition to this, animals produce vast amounts of waste and in most cases, this effluent is allowed to leak into the environment thus polluting water reservoirs and degrading the environment. A vegetarian diet would ensure that this negative environmental impacts attributed to animal production are alleviated. A vegetarian diet can help increase the global food security. At the moment, the food production is able to satisfy the food demands of the human population. However, the high rate of population increase is raising concerns about the ability of the Earth to produce enough food for the entire human population. Because of meat consumption, high pressure is being put on the global food supply (McCarthy 122). Meat production requires large areas of land to be dedica ted to livestock rearing. This puts a strain on the limited land resources of the world. A lot of water is also needed to sustain the high level of meat production required by the modern world. Animals reared for food also consume products that can be eaten by human beings. Brown reveals that farm animals consume more cereal products that human beings do (28).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Vegetarian VS Meat-Eating specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If the current rate of meat-consumption is pursued, the world will not be able to produce enough food for everyone. A vegetarian diet is more sustainable since it does not over-stretch the available land and water resources. In addition to this, vegetarianism will lead to higher cereal production since farm animals will not be fed on cereals that can be used to feed people. This will promote sustainable production and consumption of food products leading to global food security.  A vegetarian diet is more cost-effective than meat eating. A person uses less money to maintain a vegetarian diet than to engage in a meat-based diet. Even through the cost of meat has reduced significantly over the decades, meat is still more expensive than non-meat products. Lusk and Norwood confirm that â€Å"it is significantly more expensive to produce a pound of meat (or milk) than a pound of commodity crops† (112). McCarthy documents that the low cost of meat can be attributed to heavy government subsidization to meat producers (132). The final cost of these subsidies is incurred by citizens through taxation. Vegetarianism also helps a person to save money by promoting health. The meat-eater is forced to incur recurring medical expenses due to the numerous health issues promoted by meat consumption. Meat eating also leads to income reduction as the productivity of the meat-eater is reduced due to illness. These negative economic impacts can be overcome by adopting a vegetarian diet. This diet will ensure that the harmful effects of meat eating on an individual’s health are avoided. Arguments Supporting Meat Eating Meat plays a role in social events as people in a group setting enjoy it. People are able to celebrate and develop relationships as they consume meat communally. This unique role of meat in social events occurs because meat fulfills a deeper role than just providing the necessary nutrition and satisfying hunger among human beings. Meat has traditionally held a central position in global food culture. Holm asserts that meat is â€Å"the most highly prices, the most sacred and powerful† food in many cultures (277). The cultural significance of meat makes it a special meal that plays a crucial role in interactions among people. There is no disputing the fact that meat holds a dominant position in our culture. However, culture is not static and it is constantly changing to suit the circumstances of the time. The modern society does not have to perpetuate the dietary patterns utilized in the past. People can therefore take action to override the dominant meat-eating culture.  Meat eating is a sign of affluence in many societies. While the price of meat has significantly reduced over the decades, it is still higher than the price of most vegetable products.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In a typical meal, meat produce are the minor component while the major components of the meal is vegetables. The association between mean-eating and prosperity results in meat being considered a food above all others. By consuming meat, humankind is able to demonstrate power and dominance over the rest of the natural world. Fiddes explains that historically, meat has always been the favored food of the wealthy and powerful elites in society (277). Meat therefore acts as a luxury good that human beings are motivated to acquire. While it is true that meat eating is seen as a sign of affluence, a vegetarian diet can also demonstrate affluence. In the western world, the vegetarian diet is mostly practiced by the well-educated and elite members of the society. On the other hand, meat is consumed by most people since it is widely available.  Meat plays an integral role in human development by providing some essential nutrients to the consumer. Singh and Sabate document that meat is the most important source of the essential proteins required by the human body (266). A study by a team of nutritional experts revealed that meat consumption ensures that a person gets the recommended level of essential minerals (EBLEX par. 3). Meat eating therefore ensures that the person’s immune system is boosted since essential minerals are acquired through the consumption of meat products. Critics of vegetarianism declare that meat is â€Å"an important source of high-quality protein and essential micronutrients† (EBLEX para. 4). Meat is a rich source of iron, key vitamins, and minerals such as potassium, selenium, and zinc, which contribute to long-term health. While meat is a rich source of essential minerals and vitamins, it also results in many adverse effects to the human body. Meat consumers are negatively predisposed to diseases such as diabetes and obesity. On the other hand, is a person obtains all the necessary minerals and vitamins from non-meat products, he/she will achieve overall health without the health risks associated with meat consumption. Conclusion This paper set out to argue that a vegetarian diet is preferable to meat eating. The paper began by defining vegetarianism and showing that this practice has gained prominence in the recent years. The paper then highlighted that vegetarianism can help prevent chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and heart disease.  A vegetarian diet will also contribute to the reduction in the environmental damages caused by meat eating and increase global food security. The paper has also provided some of the arguments in support of meat eating. It has shown that meat eating has some social and cultural attachments and contributes to the developing of society.  Meat eating plays a role in social events and it is also associated with affluence. In addition to this, meat consumption contributes to overall health by providing the body with essential vitamins and minerals. In spite of thes e positive attributes of meat, the evidence presented in this paper suggests that meat eating is detrimental to the well being of the individual and the society. Considering the numerous merits associated with vegetarianism, all development-minded citizens should take steps to adopt a vegetarian diet and encourage the abolishment of the meat-eating culture. Works Cited Brown, Lester. â€Å"How to feed 8 billion people.† The Futurist 44.1 (2010): 28-33. EBLEX. ‘Seven ages’ study shows red meat benefits. Mar. 2013. Web. Fiddes, Nick. Social aspects of meat eating. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 53.1 (2001): 271-280. Hart, Jane. â€Å"The Health Benefits of a Vegetarian Diet.† Alternative and Complementary Therapies 15.2 (2009): 64-68. Henning, Brian. â€Å"Standing in Livestock’s ‘Long Shadow’ The Ethics of Eating Meat on a Small Planet.† Ethics The Environment 16.2 (2011): 1085-1133. Holm, Leo. â€Å"The role of meat in ev eryday food culture: an analysis of an interview study in Copenhagen.† Appetite 34.1 (2000): 277-283. Lusk, Jayson and Norwood Bailey. â€Å"Some Economic Benefits and Costs of Vegetarianism.† Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 38.2 (2009): 109–124. McCarthy, Kerry. Plant-Based Diets: A solution to our public health crisis. Washington: World Progressive Foundation, 2010. Print. Singh, Pramil and Sabate Joan. â€Å"Does low meat consumption increase life expectancy in humans?† Am J Clin Nutr 78.3 (2003): 265-325. This research paper on Vegetarian VS Meat-Eating was written and submitted by user Isabell Wilkinson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Profile of Women in the United States in 2000

Profile of Women in the United States in 2000 In March 2001, the U.S. Census Bureau observed Womens History Month by releasing a detailed set of statistics on women in the United States. The data came from the 2000 Decennial Census, the Current Population Survey of the year 2000, and the year 2000 Statistical Abstract of the United States. Education Equality 84% The percentage of women age 25 and over with a high school diploma or more, which equals the percentage for men. The college degree attainment gap between the sexes had not closed completely, but it was closing. In 2000, 24% of women age 25 and over had a bachelors degree or higher, compared with 28% of men. 30% The percentage of young women, ages 25 to 29, who had completed college as of 2000, which exceeded the 28% of their male counterparts who had done so. Young women also had higher high school completion rates than young men: 89% versus 87%. 56% The proportion of all college students in 1998 who were women. By2015, the U.S. Department of Education reported that more women than men were completing college. 57% The proportion of masters degrees awarded to women in 1997. Women also represented 56% of the people awarded bachelors degrees, 44% of the law degrees, 41% of the medical degrees and 41% of the doctorates. 49% The percentage of bachelors degrees awarded in business and management in 1997 that went to women. Women also received 54% of the biological and life sciences degrees. But Income Inequality Remains   In 1998, the median yearly earnings of women 25 years and over who worked fulltime, year-round was $26,711, or just 73% of the $36,679 earned by their male counterparts. While both men and women with college degrees realize higher lifetime earnings,   men working fulltime, year-round consistently earned more than comparable women in each of the education levels: The median earnings of women with a high school diploma were $21,963, compared with $30,868 for their male counterparts.The median earnings of women with a bachelor’s degree were $35,408, compared with $49,982 for their male counterparts.The median earnings of women with a professional degree was $55,460, compared with $90,653 for their male counterparts. Earnings, Income, and Poverty $26,324 The 1999 median earnings of women working full-time, year-round. In March 2015, the U.S. Government Accountability Office reported that while the gap was closing, women still made less than men doing similar work. 4.9% The increase between 1998 and 1999 in the median income of family households maintained by women with no spouse present ($24,932 to $26,164). 27.8% The record-low poverty rate in 1999 for families made up of a female householder with no husband present. Jobs 61% The percentage of women age 16 and over in the civilian labor force in March 2000. The percentage for men was 74%. 57% The percentage of the 70 million women age 15 and over who worked at some point in 1999 that were full-time year-round workers. 72% The percentage of women age 16 and over in 2000 who worked in one of four occupational groups: administrative support, including clerical (24%); professional specialty (18%); service workers, except private household (16%); and executive, administrative and managerial (14%). Population Distribution 106.7 million The estimated number of women age 18 and over living in the United States as of Nov. 1, 2000. The number of men 18 and over was 98.9 million. Women outnumbered men in every age group, from ages 25 and over and up. There were 141.1 million females of all ages. 80 years The projected life expectancy for women in 2000, which was higher than the life expectancy for men (74 years.). Motherhood 59% The record-high percentage of women with infants under the age of 1 in 1998 who were in the labor force, almost double the 31% rate of 1976. This compares with 73% of mothers ages 15 to 44 in the labor force that same year who did not have infants. 51% The 1998 percentage of married-couple families with children in which both spouses worked. This is the first time since the Census Bureau started recording fertility information that these families were the majority of all married-couple families. The rate in 1976 was 33%. 1.9 The average number of children women 40 to 44 years old in 1998 had by the end of their childbearing years. This contrasts sharply with women in 1976, who averaged 3.1 births. 19% The proportion of all women ages 40 to 44 who were childless in 1998, up from 10 percent in 1976. During the same time, those with four or more children declined from 36 percent to 10 percent. Marriage and Family 51% The percentage of women 15 years old and over in 2000 who were married and living with their spouse. Of the rest, 25 percent had never married, 10%t were divorced, 2% were separated and 10 percent were widowed. 25.0 years The median age at first marriage for women in 1998, more than four years older than the 20.8 years just a generation ago (1970). 22% The proportion in 1998 of 30- to 34-year-old women who had never married triple the rate in 1970 (6 percent). Similarly, the proportion of never-married women increased from 5 percent to 14 percent for 35-to-39-year-olds over the period. 15.3 million The number of women living alone in 1998, double the number in 1970 7.3 million.The percentage of women who lived alone rose for almost every age group. The exception was those aged 65 to 74, where the percentage was statistically unchanged. 9.8 million The number of single mothers in 1998, an increase of 6.4 million since 1970. 30.2 million The number of households in 1998 about 3 in 10 maintained by women with no husband present. In 1970, there were 13.4 million such households, about 2 in 10. Sports and Recreation 135,000 The number of women taking part in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)-sanctioned sports during the 1997-98 school year; women constituted 4 in 10 participants in NCAA-sanctioned sports. The 7,859 NCAA-sanctioned womens teams exceeded the number of mens teams. Soccer had the most female athletes; basketball, the most womens teams. 2.7 million The number of girls taking part in high school athletic programs during the 1998-99 school year triple the number in 1972-73. Participation levels by boys remained about the same during this time frame, about 3.8 million in 1998-99. Computer Use 70% The percentage of women with access to a computer at home in 1997 who used it; the rate for men was 72%. The home computer-use gender gap between men and women has shrunk considerably since 1984 when mens home computer use was 20 percentage points higher than that of women. 57% The percentage of women who used a computer on the job in 1997, 13 percentage points higher than the percentage of men who did so. Voting 46% Among citizens, the percentage of women who voted in the 1998 mid-term congressional elections; that was better than the 45% of men who cast their ballots. This continued a trend that had started in 1986. The preceding facts came from the 2000 Current Population Survey, population estimates, and the 2000 Statistical Abstract of the United States. The data are subject to sampling variability and other sources of error.

Secure Computer Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Secure Computer Systems - Essay Example The press release from OCABR made it amply clear that the new amendments are to be applicable to all the big and small businesses that possess or have licensed personal information of any resident of Massachusetts (Mondaq Business Briefing, 2009). The primary purpose of these amendments is to upgrade the existing data security standards, while taking into cognizance the emerging risks to data, to bring them in consonance with the Federal Trade Commission's Safeguard Rule (Mondaq Business Briefing, 2009). This risk-based approach to data security takes into consideration the overall size and potential of a business, resources accessible to a business, the nature and the magnitude of data collected by or in the possession of a business and an appraisal of the requisite security needs to implement a worthy information security program (Mondaq Business Review, 2009). As per the OCABR, the compliance to security standards to any business is not to be standardized, but is to be accessed on the basis of the data risks inherent in a business (Mondaq Business Review, 2009). The hallmark of these statutory regulations is that they do acknowledge that the choice or application of any data security and privacy program cannot be standardized for each business (Kairab, 2004). Hence, the lawmakers are aware of the glaring reality that every business is unique so far as its needs for consumer information and data is concerned and thus the businesses should be left free to decide as to what kind of data security program and guidelines they need to put in place. Even if the governments do not interfere into the arena of data security, the consumers today are more then concerned about the sanctity of their personal data. Thus, the purpose of any statutory arrangements should be more in the nature of the guidelines and awareness drives, whose purpose should be to sensitize the individuals and businesses as to the possible threats to data and the consequences and repercussions of any instance of data theft or loss (Matsura, 2001). The thrust of any government activism ought to be on the corporate and consumer education and not regulation. Aware corporations will certainly take the appropriate steps to retain competitiveness, while well-informed consumers will naturally gravitate towards businesses that they can trust with their personal information and data. A state policing of the corporate compliance to data security is not only pragmatically impossible, but also oblivious of the essential principles governing free markets. Total Words: 525Works Cited Kairab, Sudhanshu (2004). A Practical Guide to Security Assessments. NewYork: Auerbach Publications. "Privacy and Security Alert: Analysis of Amendments to Massachusetts DataSecurity Regulations". Mondaq Business Briefing. Mondaq Ltd. 2009.Retrieved Sept. 20, 2009, from HighBeam Research: http://www .highbeam.com Matsura (2001). Security, Rights, and Liabilities in E-Commerce. Toronto: Artech House Publishers.